Tenses

1.    SIMPLE PAST TENSE

Use the Simple Past Tense to express the idea that an action started and finished at a specific time in the past. 

Pattern :

S + V₂ + O

S + was/were + adj/noun + O

Example :

She made a cake

She was a nurse

2.    SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

Use the Simple Present Tense to express the idea that an action is repeated or usual. The action can be a habit, a hobby, a daily event, a scheduled event or something that often happens.

Pattern :

S + V1+ O

S + tobe + adj/noun + O

Example :

Sisca Reads book everyday

Windows are made of glass

3.    SIMPLE FUTURE TENSE

Use the Simple Future Tense has two different forms in English: "will" and "be going to".  Although the two forms can sometimes be used inter change ably, they often express two very different meanings.

Pattern :

S+ will/shall + V1 + O

S + will be + adj/noun + O

Example :

She will make a cake

Don't worry, I will  be careful

4.    PAST CONTINOUS TENSE

Use the Past Continuous Tense to indicate that a longer action in the past was interrupted. The interruption is usually a shorter action in the Simple Past.

Pattern :

While→ S + was/were + Ving + O

When→ S + V₂ + O

Example :

I was studying when she called .

While I was studying , she called

5.    PRESENT CONTINOUS TENSE

Use the Present Continuous Tense to express the idea that something is happening now, at this very moment. It can also be used to show that something is not happening now.

Pattern :

(+) S + tobe(is,am,are) + Ving + O

(-) S + tobe + not + Ving + O

(?) tobe + S + Ving + O ?

Example :

(+) She is reading a newspaper

(-) She isnt reading a newspaper

(?) is she reading a newspapaer?

6.    FUTURE CONTINOUS TENSE

Use the Future Continuous Tense to indicate that a longer action in the future will be interrupted by a shorter action in the future.

Pattern :

S +will be + Ving + O

Example :

I will be watching TV when he arrives tonight.

7.    PAST PERFECT TENSE

Use the Past Perfect Tense expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in the past. It can also show that something happened before a specific time in the past.

Pattern :

S + had + V³ + O

S + had been + adj/noun/adv  + O

Example :

I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet.

8.    PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

Use the Present Perfect Tense to say that an action happened at an unspecified time before now. The exact time is not important.

Pattern:

S + has/have + V³ + O

S + have been + adj/noun/adv + O

Example :

My car has broken down three times this week .

They have been to France.

9.    FUTURE PERFECT TENSE

Use the Future Perfect Tense expresses the idea that something will occur before another action in the future. It can also show that something will happen before a specific time in the future.

Pattern :

S + will + have + V³ + adj/noun + O

Example :

Mira  will have been in London for six months by the time I leave.

10. PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE

Use the Past Perfect Continuous Tense to show that something started in the past and continued up until another time in the past.

Pattern :

S + had been + Ving + O

Example :

They had been talking for over an hour before Tony arrived.

11. PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE

Use the Present Perfect Continuous Tense to show that something started in the past and has continued up until now. 

Pattern :

S + has/have + been + Ving + O

Example :

They have been talking for the last hour.

12.FUTURE PERFECT CONTINOUS TENSE

Use the Future Perfect Continuous Tense to show that something will continue up until a particular event or time in the future.

Pattern :

S + will + have been + Ving + O

Example :

They will have been talking for over an hour by the time Thomas arrives .

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